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Thanks for asking a question! I didn't know if people actually would.
Yes, Islam teaches that Adam was the first man. The reason why he's considered to be a prophet is because it says in the Qur'an that after he and Eve sinned, they repented and were forgiven and then Adam was given guidance, which has been interpreted to mean spiritual guidance.

Quran 20:122
"Then his Lord chose him, and turned to him with forgiveness, and gave him guidance."

Women are told in 24:31 =
"And tell the believing women to lower their gaze and protect their private parts, and not to show off their adornment except only that which is apparent, and to draw their veils over their bosoms, and not to reveal their adornment save to their own husbands or fathers or husbands' fathers, or their sons..." and the list goes on.

The "protecting your private parts" (it sounds better in Arabic xd ) just has to do with no cheating on your spouse and stuff like that.

So even though the Qur'an is clear about wearing a veil and making sure that your covering your chest, it really doesn't give any ruling on whether or not a woman must cover her face.

The purpose behind the burqa (and other similar clothing like the niqab) is modesty. But whether or not it is required of every single muslim woman will depend on who you ask. Some scholars say that a woman can show her hands, feet, and face. Others say only hands and face. Others say only the eyes. And others still say none of the body at all, not even the eyes.

Personally, I don't think it's required because it's not in the Qur'an, but there are many authenticated hadith (narrations about Muhammad's life that were passed down) that his wives adopted the niqab after the verse above was revealed.