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1. Who received the Levitical Laws?
Moses

2. Was the law intended for all the nations?
It was first for Israel (Lev 19) or Jewish?

3. What was the purpose of the Laws?
(Rom. 3:20) So what is the purpose of the Ten Commandments? To remove sin? "No," God says, "the purpose of the commandments is to reveal sin!" {or as NIV translates it: to make us "conscious of sin."}
Lev 19:2 "Be holy because I, the Lord your God, am holy."
-to protect us from falling to sin

4. Are the laws still in effect?
Which particular law?
#1 - Ceremonial Law - which provided specifics about how to offer sacrifices and what is all involved in celebrations and festivals specific to the people of Israel. Christians believe that Jesus was the fulfillment of all of the symbolism included in these sacrifices and celebrations. Therefore, these laws no longer apply to us in terms of our practice. But they do teach us a lot about the meaning behind the sacrifice of Christ.

#2 - Cultural Laws - many of these laws deal with diet, hygene, dress, and other 'kosher' practices. God provided these laws to protect the people of Israel and to define them as distinct from their idolatrous neighboring tribes. In the book of Acts, chapters 10-15, the early church struggled to define which of these 'cultural' laws should be binding on non-Jewish believers. They determined NOT to require believers from other cultures to be bound by these Jewish laws.
While these laws are not binding, they are still instructive and offer wisdom on healthy practices.

#3 - Moral Laws - these laws deal with timeless descriptions of right and wrong. The TEN COMMANDMENTS would fit into this category. Laws against child sacrifice, incest, pre-marital sex, and homosexual practice would be considered moral laws. These moral laws are almost all affirmed in some fashion in the New Testament as well. These laws are still binding upon us today.

5. Should we stone murderers, homosexuals, adulterers etc?
Why not? If yes, why?
I believe that we are not to judge and kill others
However homosexuals, adulterers, etc are still sin.
James 4:12 ESV
"There is only one lawgiver and judge, he who is able to save and to destroy. But who are you to judge your neighbor?"
John 8 :7
“Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her.”

6. Death penalty; Does the Bible support it?
It was very common in old testament, but not in new testament.
However, Jesus has made atonement for sin; so that our soul is saved from eternity death.
We must follow the governing authorities for they are God's servant:
Romans 13:1-4 ESV
Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of the one who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God's servant for your good. But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain. For he is the servant of God, an avenger who carries out God's wrath on the wrongdoer.

7. Is Jesus in conflict with Levitical Laws when he forgives the adulterous woman? (John 8:1-30)2
Jesus is God and has power to forgive sin.
Jesus fulfil the Law.
Matt 5:17 “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them."

8. Does the New Testament disagree with the Old Testament on the subject of death penalty?
The word “abolish.” It translates the Greek term kataluo, literally meaning “to loosen down.”
Christ fulfilled the demands of the Mosaic law, which called for perfect obedience under threat of a “curse” (see Galatians 3:10, 13). In this sense, the law’s divine design will ever have an abiding effect. It will always accomplish the purpose for which it was given.

9. Why is the Law called a guardian?
because the purpose of the law is to guard us from falling to sin.
It serves as a guidance and then point our need of Christ.

10. Is the Law bad?
No, of course not.
Romans 7:12 ESV
"So the law is holy, and the commandment is holy and righteous and good."
1 Timothy 1:8-10 ESV
"Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully, understanding this, that the law is not laid down for the just but for the lawless and disobedient, for the ungodly and sinners, for the unholy and profane, for those who strike their fathers and mothers, for murderers, the sexually immoral, men who practice homosexuality, enslavers, liars, perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound doctrine,"


Bonus question: If yes on question number 6, then where does that leave forgiveness?
That's why we must forgive one another smile
Ephesians 4:32 ESV
Be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ forgave you.

This is indeed a challenge question. If I can answer it well, it is by God's wisdom whee

NB: The gold prize is so big and I feel bad to accept it. If the guild requires it for other better purpose, please just cancel the trade. Studying Bible here has been a great pleasure for me already 3nodding