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I think it depends on what exactly the exam being taken asks for.
If the students have to write a formal essay, then no, they should not be allowed to use the term "ain't." However, if they are asked to write freely, perhaps to create a short story for a creative writing exam, then I think the language the students use should be up to them. Often times writers use grammar that reflects how a person speaks, to express a character.
But most likely you are discussing the use of "ain't" in standard essays, so yeah, it should not be used.
If the students have to write a formal essay, then no, they should not be allowed to use the term "ain't." However, if they are asked to write freely, perhaps to create a short story for a creative writing exam, then I think the language the students use should be up to them. Often times writers use grammar that reflects how a person speaks, to express a character.
But most likely you are discussing the use of "ain't" in standard essays, so yeah, it should not be used.
I think free writes are different than developing characters. Professional writers give their characters slang to express realism. So slang in a narrative is good if the character is built on that way of speaking. But free writes are still formal essays in their own way.
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I never use slang. Even when I try to have a normal conversation or post on the computer, I find myself speaking as if I were in some formal event.
Good for you. I personally use slang, but I think that is because it is easier to get along with my friends that way. I know that there are arguments that slang makes a person seem stupid, but it is that way for a reason. Go back to England and Spain way back in the day. Your speech proved how important you were in society. If you spoke well and did not swear you were royal or important. If you were crude and spoke with a slur or in "slang" you were a commoner and were considered to be too stupid to speak well. As society has changed, fewer people are judged based on rank. Equality spreads to most places. That is why you here people like political leaders speaking well while your friend may use slang, no matter how rich or well educated they are. To show a gentler separation. You can chose not to use slang. It is not as important anymore in showing which part of society you belong to. Whatever you feel is most comfortable is the best thing for you.