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Leaf Village:
Shodaime Hokage:
One of the founders of Leaf, the First Hokage helped establish the ideal of all the Hokage who followed. The Hokage serves as the foundation which Leaf village sits. The Hokage would love his village and do all in his power to protect it, even giving his life in the line of duty to ensure its survival.
Nidaime Hokage:
The Second Hokage also helped in the founding of Leaf, he was the younger brother of Shodai Hokage. Like the First Hokage, he helped establish the principle that the Hokage will die for those people precious to them.
Sandaime Hokage:
The Third Hokage became Hokage at a very young age. Sarutobi was known as the Professor, a ninja with extraordinary skill and knowledge of jutsus. He would later pass on his knowledge to his students Jiraiya, Tsunade and Orochimaru. Jiraiya would then in turn pass on his knowledge to the man who would become the Fourth Hokage. After the Fourth Hokage's death, the Third came out of retirement to lead his village again.
Yondaime Hokage
Sandaime Hokage first wanted Orochimaru to succeed him, but his evil ways caused Sandaime to choose this man. The Fourth Hokage was faced with a difficult challenge not long after being appointed. One of the great demons, the Kyuubi fox attacked his village. Many ninja died and the Fourth had to give his life to beat the Kyuubi and imprison him. His death caused the Third Hokage to come out of retirement.
Godaime Hokage:
Tsunade was the granddaughter of the First Hokage and was the student of the Third Hokage, but she was reluctant to become the Fifth Hokage. Her boyfriend and little brother both had dreams of becoming Hokage and died while trying to further that goal. When she met Uzumaki Naruto she thought that he was also going down a foolish path, but his hard work and determination inspired her to think that becoming Hokage was a worthwhile thing.
Sand Village:
Shodai Kazekage:
Shodai Kazekage helped found Hidden Sand and went on to become its kage.
Nidaime Kazekage:
Nidaime Kazekage served as the kage of Hidden Sand.
Sandaime Kazekage:
Sandaime Kazekage was said to be the most gifted kage in Hidden Sand's history. He disappeared under mysterious circumstances right before war broke out. Years later it was revealed he was killed by expert puppet maker Sasori and turned into his most prized puppet.
Yondaime Kazekage:
Yondaime Kazekage replaced his predecessor who disappeared under myserious circumstances. He was the father of Gaara, Temari and Kankurou and he directed the Shukaku demon to be implanted into his unborn son Gaara. After falling in battle to Orochimaru, a new Kazekage was appointed to replace him.
Godaime Kazekage:
After Naruto and Jiraiya left for 2 1/2 years to train, Gaara was appointed as Godaime Kazekage of Hidden Sand. The village council appointed Gaara on the notion he was now more in control of his homicidal tendencies.
Water Village:
Mizukage:
The Mizukage is the leader of Hidden Mist Village. It is unknown how many Mizukage there have been. When Tobi revealed his true identity as Madara to Kisame, Hoshigaki Kisame identified him as the Mizukage. Momochi Zabuza fled Hidden Mist after a failed assassination of the Mizukage. It is unknown if this was Madara, or some other Mizukage.
Other Villages:
Akahoshi (Hidden Star):
Akahoshi replaced Sandaime "Hoshikage" after his sudden death. The position of "Kage" within Hidden Star has not been recognized by the Five Great Shinobi Nations. Most in the village believe the usage of the chakra enhancing meteor will make the village powerful enough to be on equal footing with the other five nations. With the death of AKahoshi and the destruction of the meteor, the use of "Kage" will probably end. It is currently unknown who is leading the village.
Hanzou (Hidden Rain):
Hanzou acted as the leader of Hidden Rain for a number of years. When civil war broke out, the rebel leader Pain killed Hanzou and took control of the country.
Pain (Hidden Rain):
Though he acts as the leader of Akatsuki, Pain also led the Hidden Rain rebel ninjas in their civil war against their home village. Pain used his skills to eventually take out Hanzou.
Kazahana Dotou (Hidden Snow)
After having his brother the Daimyou of the Snow Country killed, Dotou formed Hidden Snow and sought enough power to defeat the Five Great Shinobi Countries. He was eventually killed and Hidden Snow's future is unclear.
Orochimaru (Hidden Sound):
Forced to flee Hidden Leaf because of his forbidden experiments, Orochimaru went north and gathered many despondent ninja and clans. With his identity hidden, he formed Hidden Sound and set out to destroy Konoha once and for all.
Shibuki's Father (Hidden Waterfall):
This man served as the head of Hidden Waterfall in the past. When Waterfall came under foreign attack, he ingested the village's Hero water. Unfortunately he wasn't young enough to survive the effects of the water and he passed away shortly afterwards. His son Shibuki took over as Hidden Waterfall leader after his passing.
Shibuki (Hidden Waterfall):
After his father died, Shibuki took control of Hidden Waterfall. Shibuki was unprepared for the role early on, but eventually he accepted his position and strove to do all he could to protect his village.