knee joint
tibiofemoral joint
articular surfaces - medial and lateral condyles of femur and tibia
properties and functions of each condyle - femoral condyles are biconcave anteroposterior and mediolaterally
intracapsular structures
menisci - medial + lateral
non-communicating bursa - prepatellar, superficial + deep infrapatellar bursa
hoffa's fat pad
cruciate ligaments - ACL + PCL (AUBL + PUFM).
cruciate ligaments limit medial rotation + anterior/posterior displacement of tibia.
extracapsular structures
LCL + MCL - fibular and tibial, respectively.
collateral ligaments limit lateral rotation.
patellofemoral joint
articular surfaces - posterior aspect of patella (largest sesamoid bone in body) + patellar surface of femur
posterior patella covered in hyaline cartilage, medial and lateral sides divide by central ridge. hyaline cartilage most dense at central ridge.
nerves that innervate knee joint
femoral
obturator
saphenous
sciatic (tibial and common peroneal)
muscles:
flexors - gastrocnemius, hamstrings (semitendinosus, semimembranosus + biceps femoris) + sartorius + gracilis.
gastrocnemius' 2 heads insert into posterior calcaneus via achilles' tendon.
extensors - quads (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris) + tensor fascia lata.
medial rotators - popliteus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus + gracilis.
lateral rotators - biceps femoris.
popliteal fossa - diamond shaped, posterior aspect of knee.
superomedial border - semimembranosus tendons
superolateral border - biceps femoris tendon
inferomedial border - medial head of gastrocnemius
inferolateral border - lateral head of gastrocnemius
floor of popliteal fossa (P.P.O.P) - posterior knee joint capsule, popliteal surface of femur, oblique popliteal ligament, popliteus + fascia.
contents - AVN (deep to superior)
popliteal artery + vein
tibial division of sciatic nerve
common peroneal division of sciatic nerve
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