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Sir Francis Drake- Given permission to plunder Spanish ships by Queen Elizabeth I. His winnings were distributed to her and others. He was knighted by her.
Sir Walter Raleigh-In 1585, he led an expedition to North Carolina’s Roanoke Island to establish a colony. It disappears.
Phillip II/Spanish Armada (158 cool - Made an “Invincible Armada” to invade England. English ships were swifter and more maneuverable to damage the Armada. A storm came, the “Protestant Wind”, and effectively ending the Spanish fleet.
English “enclosure” of cropland- Landlords fenced in their lands forcing small farmers to search for work around England.
Laws of “primogeniture”- Eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates.
Virginia Company of London- In 1606, it received a charter from King James I for a settlement. To look for gold and a passage to the Indies. The company was not made to last for years and was only in it for the colonists to find gold.
Charter of the Va. Company- Guaranteed the settlers the same rights of Englishmen.
Jamestown Va. (1607)-Mosquito infested land around the James River. May 24 three ships of men settled on the land. Forty men died on the voyage.
Captain John Smith- 1608, he whipped the colonists into shape saying “He who shall not work shall not eat”. He was kidnapped in December 1607 and was in a mock execution by Powhatan.
Pocahontas- During the mock execution she laid her head on his and “saved” him. She acts as the go-between for the colonists and the Indians.
John Rolfe- Married Pocahontas in 1614 as a peaceful gesture to end the First Anglo-Powhatan War. Later he became the father of the tobacco industry. He perfected raising and curing the weed by 1612. Around 1622 Indian attacks killed him and 346 settlers.
Lord De la Warr-In 1610, he arrived with Jamestown’s relief. He met the homebound colonists and ordered them back to Jamestown. He enacted a strict military regime on the colony. He was ordered by the Virginia Company to declare war on the Indians. His troops raided villages, torched houses and cornfields, and stole provisions.
Anglo-Powhatan Wars (1614, 1644) - In 1614 John Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahontas halted the first war. In the Second war the Indians tried once more but were defeated.
House of Burgesses (1619) - The London Company in 1619 allowed the settlers to assembly. This was the first of miniature parliaments to begin.
Lord Baltimore (1634) – in 1634 he settled in Maryland to form a refuge for Catholics. Lavish manors were made for his family and other Catholics made modest farms. Protestants outnumbered Catholics though and placed restrictions on them.
Maryland “Act of Toleration” (1649) – Catholics of Maryland backed this Act and it was passed in 1649. It guaranteed toleration for all Christians but decreed the death penalty to all Jews and atheists.
Barbados Slave Code- Denied the rights to slave and gave their masters complete control of them. Harsh punishments could be given for the slightest infraction.
Charles II/Restoration (1660) –Carolina was named after him and was formed in 1670. He granted eight if his court favorites, named the Lords of Proprietors, land there. They hoped to grow foodstuffs.
South Carolina – Raised mostly rice and Charles Town became and important seaport. Sons with no inheritance settled here and gave an “aristocratic flavor”.
North Carolina – Was separated from South Carolina in 1712. A land of ‘poor’ people compared to South Carolina. Mostly democratic and independent-minded colonists that was very similar to Rhode Island.
Georgia/James Oglethorpe (1733)- Georgia was intended as a buffer colonies to protect the other colonies from attacks from the Spanish. James repelled Spanish attacks and worked to save “the Charity Colony”.
Iroquois Confederacy – Consisting of five Indian nations it was a matrilineal society. Related families resided in a longhouse. Even as one nation each was independent of the other.